Armenian Grammar

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Armenian Grammar

Welcome to the 8th lesson about Armenian grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns. To hear the pronunciation, just click on the sound icon.

We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Armenian and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Armenian and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Armenian.

Prepositions	Armenian	Pronunciation
and	և	[yev]
above	վեր	[ver]
under	տակ	[tak]
before	առաջ	[arraj]
after	հետո	[heto]
in front of	առջև	[arrjev]
behind	հետևում	[hetevum]
far from	հեռու	[herru]
near	մոտ	[mot]
in	մեջ	[mej]
inside	ներսում	[nersum]
outside	դրսում	[drsum]
with	հետ	[het]
without	առանց	[arrants’]
about	մասին	[masin]
between	միջև	[mijev]
but	բայց	[bayts’]
for	համար	[hamar]
from	-ից	[- Its’]
to	դեպի	[depi]

Preposition Grammar Rules

The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Prepositions + Rules	Armenian + Pronunciation
I eat without a knife [preposition + noun]	Ես ուտում եմ առանց դանակի: [Yes utum yem arrants’ danaki]
she lives near the church [verb + preposition]	Նա ապրում է եկեղեցու մոտ: [Na aprum e yekeghets’u mot]
he is taller than her [adjective + preposition]	Նա նրանից ավելի բոյով է: [Na nranits’ aveli boyov e]
he came with his small dog [preposition + pronoun]	Նա իր փոքրիկ շան հետ է եկել: [Na ir p’vok’rik shan het e yekel]
can you come with me? [preposition + pronoun]	Կարող եք գալ ինձ հետ? [Karogh yek’ gal indz het]

Negation in Armenian

Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Negation + Rules	Armenian + Pronunciation
I understand you [affirmative form]	Ես հասկանում եմ Ձեզ: [Yes haskanum yem Dzez]
I don't understand you [negation + verb]	Ես Ձեզ չեմ հասկանում: [Yes Dzez ch’yem haskanum]
this is not the correct word [negation + adjective]	Սա ճիշտ բառը չէ: [Sa chisht barry ch’e]
don't leave me [imperative negation]	Մի թողեք ինձ: [Mi t’voghek’ indz]
no problem [negation + noun]	Ոչ մի խնդիր: [Voch’ mi khndir]

Negative Sentences	Armenian + Pronunciation
I don't speak French [negation + present tense]	Ես ֆրանսերեն չեմ խոսում: [Yes franseren ch’yem khosum]
she didn't visit Germany [negation + past tense]	Նա չի այցելել Գերմանիա: [Na ch’i ayts’yelel Germania]
he cannot see us [negative modal verb]	Նա չի կարող տեսնել մեզ: [Na ch’i karogh tesnel mez]
can't she play chess? [interrogative negation]	Նա շախմատ խաղալ չի կարող? [Na shakhmat khaghal ch’i karogh.]
we will not come late [negation + future tense]	Մենք ուշ չենք գա: [Menk’ ush ch’yenk’ ga]

Questions in Armenian

Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:

English	Armenian	Pronunciation
how?	Ինչպես?	[Inch’pes?]
what?	Ինչ?	[Inch’?]
who?	Ով?	[Ov?]
why?	Ինչու?	[Inch’u?]
where?	Որտեղ?	[Vortegh?]

More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:

Questions + Rules	Armenian + Pronunciation
where do you live? [interrogative + verb]	Որտեղ եք ապրում? [Vortegh yek’ aprum?]
does she speak Chinese? [interrogative verb]	Նա չինարեն խոսում է? [Na ch’inaren khosum e.]
how much is this? [interrogative preposition]	Որքան ե սա? [Vork’an ye sa?]
can I help you? [interrogative modal verb]	Ինչով կարող եմ ոգնել Ձեզ? [Inch’ov karogh yem vognel Dzez?]
what is your name? [interrogative preposition]	Ինչ է Ձեր անունը? [Inch’ e Dzer anuny]

Adverbs in Armenian

It's time to learn the adverbs in Armenian. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Adverbs	Armenian	Pronunciation
now	այժմ	[ayzhm]
yesterday	երեկ	[yerek]
today	այսօր	[aysor]
tonight	այս գիշեր	[ays gisher]
tomorrow	վաղը	[vaghy]
soon	շուտով	[shutov]
quickly	արագ	[arag]
slowly	դանդաղ	[dandagh]
together	միասին	[miasin]
very	շատ	[shat]
almost	գրեթե	[gret’ye]
always	միշտ	[misht]
usually	սովորաբար	[sovorabar]
sometimes	երբեմն	[yerbemn]
rarely	հազվադեպ	[hazvadep]
never	երբեք	[yerbek’]

The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.

Adverbs + Rules	Armenian + Pronunciation
do you understand me now? [pronoun + adverb]	Հիմա ինձ հասկանում եք? [Hima indz haskanum yek’?]
I need help immediately [noun + adverb]	Ես անհապաղ ոգնության կարիք ունեմ: [Yes anhapagh vognut’yan karik’ unem]
she is very intelligent [adverb + adjective]	Նա շատ խելացի է: [Na shat khelats’i e]
I will always love you [verb + adverb]	Ես միշտ կսիրեմ Ձեզ: [Yes misht ksirem Dzez]
can we learn German together? [adverb in a question]	Մենք կարող ենք միասին գերմաներեն սովորել? [Menk’ karogh yenk’ miasin germaneren sovorel?]

Pronouns in Armenian

We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Armenian. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Personal Pronouns	Armenian	Pronunciation
I	ես	[yes]
you	Դուք	[Duk’]
he	նա	[na]
she	նա	[na]
we	մենք	[menk’]
they	նրանք	[nrank’]

Object Pronouns	Armenian	Pronunciation
me	ինձ	[indz]
you	Ձեզ	[Dzez]
him	նրան	[nran]
her	նրան	[nran]
us	մեզ	[mez]
them	նրանց	[nrants’]

Possessive Pronouns	Armenian	Pronunciation
my	իմ	[im]
your	Ձեր	[Dzer]
his	նրա	[nra]
her	նրա	[nra]
our	մեր	[mer]
their	նրանց	[nrants’]

I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.

Personal Pronouns	Armenian + Pronunciation
I am your friend [1st pronoun + verb]	Ես քո ընկերն եմ: [Yes k’vo ynkern yem]
you speak very fast [2nd pronoun + adverb]	Դուք շատ արագ եք խոսում: [Duk’ shat arag yek’ khosum]
he has three dogs [3rd pronoun + verb]	Նա երեք շուն ունի: [Na yerek’ shun uni]
she can speak German [3rd pronoun + verb]	Նա կարող է գերմաներեն խոսել: [Na karogh e germaneren khosel]
we will not come late [1st plural pronoun]	Մենք ուշ չենք գա: [Menk’ ush ch’yenk’ ga]
they bought milk and bread [3rd plural pronoun]	Նրանք կաթ ու հաց գնեցին: [Nrank’ kat’ u hats’ gnets’in]

The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:

Object Pronouns	Armenian + Pronunciation
can you tell me your name? [1st object pronoun]	Կարող եք ինձ ասել Ձեր անունը? [Karogh yek’ indz asel Dzer anuny]
I will give you money [2nd object pronoun]	Ես Ձեզ դրամ կտամ: [Yes Dzez dram ktam.]
she wrote him a letter [3rd object pronoun]	Նա նրան մի նամակ գրեց: [Na nran mi namak grets’]
they visited her yesterday [3rd object pronoun]	Նրանք այցելեցին նրան երեկ: [Nrank’ ayts’yelets’in nran yerek]
can she help us? [1st pl. object pronoun]	Նա կարող ե մեզ օգնել? [Na karogh ye mez ognel.]
he gave them food [3rd pl. object pronoun]	Նա նրանց կերակուր տվեց: [Na nrants’ kerakur tvets’]

Possessive Pronouns	Armenian + Pronunciation
my name is Maya [1st possessive pronoun]	Իմ անունն է Մայա: [Im anunn e Maya]
your brother lives here [2nd possessive pronoun]	Ձեր եղբայրը այստեղ է ապրում: [Dzer yeghbayry aystegh e aprum]
her mother cooks for us [3rd possessive pronoun]	Նրա մայրը խոհարարություն է անում մեզ համար: [Nra mayry khohararut’yun e anum mez hamar]
his hobby is reading books [3rd possessive pronoun]	Նրա սիրած զբաղմունքը գիրք կարդալն է: [Nra sirats zbaghmunk’y girk’ kardaln e]
our dream is to visit Paris [1st pl. possessive pronoun]	Մեր երազանքն ե այցեել Փարիզ: [Mer yerazank’n ye ayts’yeel P’ariz]
their house is not far [3rd pl. possessive pronoun]	Նրանց տունը հեռու չէ: [Nrants’ tuny herru ch’e]

One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.

Demonstrative Pronouns	Armenian	Pronunciation
this is my house	Սա իմ տունն է:	[Sa im tunn e]
that restaurant is far	Այդ ճաշարանը հեռու է:	[Ayd chasharany herru e]
these apples are delicious	Այս խնձորները համեղ են:	[Ays khndzornery hamegh yen]
those stars are shiny	Այդ աստղերը պայծառ են:	[Ayd astghery paytsarr yen]

I hope you learned a lot about the Armenian grammar in this lesson. If you have any question about this lesson please contact me here. The next lesson is below, have fun!

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