Welcome to the 8th lesson about Uzbek grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns.
We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Uzbek and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Uzbek and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Uzbek.
| Prepositions - Uzbek |
|---|
| and va |
| above tepada |
| under tagida, pastida |
| before oldin |
| after keyin |
| in front of … qarshisida |
| behind orqada |
| far from dan uzoq |
| near yonida |
| in ichida |
| inside ichida |
| outside tashqarida |
| with bilan |
| without …siz |
| about haqida |
| between o'rtasida |
| but lekin |
| for uchun |
| from …dan |
| to ….ga |
The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
| Prepositions + Rules - Uzbek |
|---|
| I eat without a knife [preposition + noun] men pichoqsiz ovqatlanaman |
| she lives near the church [verb + preposition] u cherkov yonida yashaydi |
| he is taller than her [adjective + preposition] u unga qaraganda baland |
| he came with his small dog [preposition + pronoun] u kuchukchasi bilan keldi |
| can you come with me? [preposition + pronoun] sen men bilan birga kela olasanmi? |
Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
| Negation + Rules - Uzbek |
|---|
| I understand you [affirmative form] men sizni tushunaman |
| I don't understand you [negation + verb] men sizni tushunmayapman |
| this is not the correct word [negation + adjective] bu to'g'ri so'z emas |
| don't leave me [imperative negation] meni tashlab ketma |
| no problem [negation + noun] hech qisi yo'q |
| Negative Sentences - Uzbek |
|---|
| I don't speak French [negation + present tense] men fransuzcha gapirmayman |
| she didn't visit Germany [negation + past tense] u olmoniyaga sayohat kilmagan |
| he cannot see us [negative modal verb] u bizni ko'ra olmayapti |
| can't she play chess? [interrogative negation] u shaxmat o'ynashni biladimi? |
| we will not come late [negation + future tense] biz kech kelmaymiz |
Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:
| English - Uzbek |
|---|
| how? qanday? |
| what? nima? |
| who? kim? |
| why? nima uchun? |
| where? qaerda? |
More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:
| Questions + Rules - Uzbek |
|---|
| where do you live? [interrogative + verb] siz qaerda yashaysiz? |
| does she speak Chinese? [interrogative verb] siz hitoycha gapirasizmi? |
| how much is this? [interrogative preposition] bu qancha turadi? |
| can I help you? [interrogative modal verb] sizga yordamim kerakmi? |
| what is your name? [interrogative preposition] ismingiz nima? |
It's time to learn the adverbs in Uzbek. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:
| Adverbs - Uzbek |
|---|
| now hozir |
| yesterday kecha |
| today bugun |
| tonight bugun tunda |
| tomorrow ertaga |
| soon yaqin orada |
| quickly tez |
| slowly sekin |
| together hamma |
| very juda |
| almost dearli |
| always har doyim |
| usually odatdan |
| sometimes vaqt-ma-vaqt, bazan |
| rarely kamdan-kam |
| never hech qachon |
The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.
| Adverbs + Rules - Uzbek |
|---|
| do you understand me now? [pronoun + adverb] siz meni endi tushunayapsizmi? |
| I need help immediately [noun + adverb] menga hoziroq yordam kerak |
| she is very intelligent [adverb + adjective] u juda aqilli |
| I will always love you [verb + adverb] men seni har doim sevaman |
| can we learn German together? [adverb in a question] biz birga nemis tilini o'rgansak boladimi? |
We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Uzbek. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:
| Personal Pronouns - Uzbek |
|---|
| I men |
| you sen |
| he u |
| she u |
| we biz |
| they ular |
| Object Pronouns - Uzbek |
|---|
| me menga |
| you senga |
| him unga |
| her unga |
| us bizga |
| them ularga |
| Possessive Pronouns - Uzbek |
|---|
| my mening |
| your sening |
| his uning |
| her uning |
| our bizning |
| their ularning |
I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.
| Personal Pronouns - Uzbek |
|---|
| I am your friend [1st pronoun + verb] men sizni do'stingizman |
| you speak very fast [2nd pronoun + adverb] siz juda tez gapirayapsiz |
| he has three dogs [3rd pronoun + verb] unda uchta itlari bor |
| she can speak German [3rd pronoun + verb] u nemis tilida gapira oladi |
| we will not come late [1st plural pronoun] biz kech kelmaymiz |
| they bought milk and bread [3rd plural pronoun] ular non va saryog' sotib oldilar |
The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:
| Object Pronouns - Uzbek |
|---|
| can you tell me your name? [1st object pronoun] siz menga ismingizni ayta olasizmi? |
| I will give you money [2nd object pronoun] men sizga pul beraman |
| she wrote him a letter [3rd object pronoun] u unga hat yozdi |
| they visited her yesterday [3rd object pronoun] ular uni kecha ko'rib keldilar |
| can she help us? [1st pl. object pronoun] u bizga yordam bera oladimi? |
| he gave them food [3rd pl. object pronoun] u ularga ovqat berdi |
| Possessive Pronouns - Uzbek |
|---|
| my name is Maya [1st possessive pronoun] mening ismim maya |
| your brother lives here [2nd possessive pronoun] sening akang/ukang shu erda yashaydi |
| her mother cooks for us [3rd possessive pronoun] uning onasi biz uchun taom tayyorlaydi |
| his hobby is reading books [3rd possessive pronoun] u bo'sh vaqtida kitob o'qiydi |
| our dream is to visit Paris [1st pl. possessive pronoun] bizning orzuimiz parijga sayoxat qilishdir |
| their house is not far [3rd pl. possessive pronoun] ularning o'yi uncha uzoqda emas |
One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.
| Demonstrative Pronouns - Uzbek |
|---|
| this is my house bu mening o'yim |
| that restaurant is far u yoqdagi restoran uzoqda joylashgan |
| these apples are delicious bu olmalar juda mazali |
| those stars are shiny bu yulduzlar yaltiroq |
I hope you learned a lot about the Uzbek grammar in this lesson. Please check out our main menu here for more lessons: homepage. The next lesson is below, have fun!
Inspirational Quote: First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do. Epictetus |