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Korean Grammar

Welcome to the 8th lesson about Korean grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns. To hear the pronunciation, just click on the sound icon.

We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Korean and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Korean and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Korean.

Prepositions - Korean - Pronunciation
and 그리고 [keurigo]
above -보닀 μœ„μ— [-boda wiie]
under μ•„λž˜μ— [arae-ye]
before 전에 [jeone]
after 뒀에 [dwiie]
in front of -의 μ•žμͺ½μ—(μ•žμ—) [-ye apcho-ge(ape)]
behind 뒀에 [dwiie]
far from -멀리 [-meolli]
near μ—μ„œ κ°€κΉŒμ΄ [eseo kakka-i]
in -에 [-e]
inside μ•ˆ [an]
outside 겉에 [keote]
with -와 ν•¨κ»˜ [-wah hamkke]
without 없이 [eobshi]
about -에 λŒ€ν•œ [-e dae-han]
between 사이에 [sa-ie]
but κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ [keureona]
for λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ [reul wiihae]
from λΆ€ν„° [bu-teo]
to 에 [e]

Preposition Grammar Rules

The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Prepositions + Rules - Korean + Pronunciation
I eat without a knife
[preposition + noun] μ €λŠ” 식사할 λ•Œ λ‚˜μ΄ν”„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[jeoneun shiksahal ttae na-ipeuga pilyohaji anhseumnida]
she lives near the church
[verb + preposition] κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ꡐ회 κ·Όμ²˜μ— μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keunyeoneun gyohweh keun-cheoe samnida]
he is taller than her
[adjective + preposition] κ·ΈλŠ” 그녀보닀 ν‚€κ°€ ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keuneun geunyeoboda gi-ga keumnida]
he came with his small dog
[preposition + pronoun] κ·ΈλŠ” μž‘μ€ 개λ₯Ό 데리고 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keuneun cha-geun gaereul derigo wah-ssseumnida]
can you come with me?
[preposition + pronoun] μ €λž‘ ν•¨κ»˜ κ°€μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
[jeorang hamkke kashikessseumnikka?]

Negation in Korean

Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Negation + Rules - Korean + Pronunciation
I understand you
[affirmative form] 당신을 μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
[tangshineurihae-hamnida]
I don't understand you
[negation + verb] 당신을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
[tangshineurihae-haji mothamnida]
this is not the correct word
[negation + adjective] 이 λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Ό 단어가 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€
[i daneoneun olbareul daneo-ga animnida]
don't leave me
[imperative negation] λ– λ‚˜μ§€ λ§μ•„μ£Όμ„Έμš”
[tteonaji marajuseyo]
no problem
[negation + noun] λ¬Έμ œμ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[munjeyeoptseumnida]

Negative Sentences - Korean + Pronunciation
I don't speak French
[negation + present tense] μ €λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄λ₯Ό λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
[jeoneun peurangseu-eoreul mothamnida]
she didn't visit Germany
[negation + past tense] κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 독일을 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keunyeoneun do-gi-reul bangmunhaji anhassseumnida]
he cannot see us
[negative modal verb] κ·Έκ°€ 우리λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keuga urireul bol su eoptseumnida]
can't she play chess?
[interrogative negation] κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 체슀λ₯Ό 두지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
[keunyeoneun cheseureul duji anhseumnikka?]
we will not come late
[negation + future tense] μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŠ¦κ²ŒκΉŒμ§€ μ˜€μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
[urineun neujkekkaji oji anheul keomnida]

Questions in Korean

Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:

English - Korean - Pronunciation
how? μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ? [eotteohke?]
what? 무엇? [mu-eos?]
who? λˆ„κ΅¬? [nu-gu?]
why? μ™œ? [waeh?]
where? 어디에? [eodi-e?]

More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:

Questions + Rules - Korean + Pronunciation
where do you live?
[interrogative + verb] 당신은 μ–΄λ”” μ‚¬μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
[tangshineun eodi- sashimnikka?]
does she speak Chinese?
[interrogative verb] κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 쀑ꡭ어λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
[keunyeoneun junggugeoreul hamnikka?]
how much is this?
[interrogative preposition] 이것은 μ–Όλ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
[ikeoteun eolma-imnikka?]
can I help you?
[interrogative modal verb] 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
[doumi pilyohashimnikka?]
what is your name?
[interrogative preposition] 성함(이름)이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
[seong-ham(ireum)i eotteohke dwehshimnikka?]

Adverbs in Korean

It's time to learn the adverbs in Korean. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Adverbs - Korean - Pronunciation
now μ§€κΈˆ [chigeum]
yesterday μ–΄μ œ [eoje]
today 였늘 [oneul]
tonight 였늘밀 [oneulbam]
tomorrow 내일 [nae-il]
soon 곧 [kod]
quickly 빨리 [ppalli]
slowly 천천히 [cheon-cheonhi]
together ν•¨κ»˜ [hamkke]
very 맀우 [ma-eu]
almost 거의 [keoyi]
always 항상 [hangsang]
usually 보톡 [botong]
sometimes 가끔 [kakkeum]
rarely λ“œλ¬Όκ²Œ [deumul-ke]
never κ²°μ½” [kyeol-ko]

The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.

Adverbs + Rules - Korean + Pronunciation
do you understand me now?
[pronoun + adverb] 당신은 μ§€κΈˆ 제 말을 μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
[tangshineun chigeum je ma-reurihae-hamnikka?]
I need help immediately
[noun + adverb] μ €λŠ” λ‹Ήμž₯ 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
[jeoneun dangjang doumi pilyohamnida]
she is very intelligent
[adverb + adjective] κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 맀우 지적인 μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keunyeoneun ma-eu jijeo-gin saramimnida]
I will always love you
[verb + adverb] μ €λŠ” μ–Έμ œκΉŒμ§€λ‚˜ 당신을 μ‚¬λž‘ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
[jeoneun eonjekkajina tangshineul sarang-hal geo-shimnida]
can we learn German together?
[adverb in a question] 독일어λ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 배울 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
[do-gi-reoreul hamkke ba-eul su issseumnikka?]

Pronouns in Korean

We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Korean. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Personal Pronouns - Korean - Pronunciation
I λ‚˜λŠ” [naneun]
you λ„ˆλŠ” [neoneun]
he κ·ΈλŠ” [keuneun]
she κ·Έλ…€λŠ” [keunyeoneun]
we μš°λ¦¬λŠ” [urineun]
they 그듀은 [keudeu-reun]

Object Pronouns - Korean - Pronunciation
me λ‚˜λ₯Ό [nareul]
you λ„ˆλ₯Ό [neoreul]
him κ·Έλ₯Ό [keureul]
her κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό [keunyeoreul]
us 우리λ₯Ό [urireul]
them 그듀을 [keudeu-reul]

Possessive Pronouns - Korean - Pronunciation
my λ‚˜μ˜ [naye]
your λ„ˆμ˜ [neoyi]
his 그의 [keuyi]
her κ·Έλ…€μ˜ [keunyeoyi]
our 우리의 [uriyi]
their κ·Έλ“€μ˜ [keudeulyi]

I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.

Personal Pronouns - Korean + Pronunciation
I am your friend
[1st pronoun + verb] 당신은 제 μΉœκ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
[tangshineun je chinguimnida]
you speak very fast
[2nd pronoun + adverb] 당신은 말을 빨리 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
[tangshineun ma-reul ppalli hamnida]
he has three dogs
[3rd pronoun + verb] κ·ΈλŠ” 개 μ„Έ 마리λ₯Ό ν‚€μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keuneun gae se marireul gi-umnida]
she can speak German
[3rd pronoun + verb] κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 독일어λ₯Ό λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keunyeoneun do-gi-reoreul mothamnida]
we will not come late
[1st plural pronoun] μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŠ¦κ²ŒκΉŒμ§€ μ˜€μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
[urineun neujkekkaji oji anheul keomnida]
they bought milk and bread
[3rd plural pronoun] 그듀은 μš°μœ μ™€ 빡을 κ΅¬μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keudeu-reun uyuwah ppangeul kuibhaessseumnida]

The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:

Object Pronouns - Korean + Pronunciation
can you tell me your name?
[1st object pronoun] λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 이름을 말씀해주싀 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
[tangshinye ireumeul mal-sseumhaejushil su issseumnikka?]
I will give you money
[2nd object pronoun] λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λˆμ„ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[tangshine-ge doneul deurikessseumnida]
she wrote him a letter
[3rd object pronoun] κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έμ—κ²Œ νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keunyeoneun geue-ge pyeonjireul sseossseumnida]
they visited her yesterday
[3rd object pronoun] 그듀은 μ–΄μ œ κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keudeu-reun eoje keunyeoreul bangmunhaessseumnida]
can she help us?
[1st pl. object pronoun] κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 우리λ₯Ό λ„μ™€μ€„κΉŒμš”?
[keunyeo-ga urireul dowah-jul-kkayo?]
he gave them food
[3rd pl. object pronoun] κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μŒμ‹μ„ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keuneun geudeu-re-ge eumshikeul ju-eossseumnida]

Possessive Pronouns - Korean + Pronunciation
my name is Maya
[1st possessive pronoun] 제 이름은 λ§ˆμ•Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
[je ireumeun maya-imnida]
your brother lives here
[2nd possessive pronoun] λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ ν˜•μ œκ°€ 이곳에 μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€
[tangshinye hyeongje-ga igose samnida]
her mother cooks for us
[3rd possessive pronoun] κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μš”λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keunyeoye eomeoni-ga urie-ge yorireul haejumnida]
his hobby is reading books
[3rd possessive pronoun] 그의 μ·¨λ―ΈλŠ” λ…μ„œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keuye chwiimineun dokseoimnida]
our dream is to visit Paris
[1st pl. possessive pronoun] 우리의 κΏˆμ€ 파리λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
[uriye kkumeun parireul bangmunhaneun geo-shimnida]
their house is not far
[3rd pl. possessive pronoun] κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 집은 그리 멀지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
[keudeulye jibeun geuri meol-ji anhseumnida]

One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.

Demonstrative Pronouns - Korean - Pronunciation
this is my house μ—¬κΈ°κ°€ 제 μ§‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ [yeo-gi-ga je jibimnida]
that restaurant is far κ·Έ 식당은 멀리 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ [keu shikdangeun meolli issseumnida]
these apples are delicious 이 μ‚¬κ³ΌλŠ” λ§›μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ [i sakwahneun mashissseumnida]
those stars are shiny 별듀이 λΉ›λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€ [byeoldeu-ri binnamnida]

I hope you learned a lot about the Korean grammar in this lesson. Please check out our main menu here for more lessons: homepage. The next lesson is below, have fun!


Inspirational Quote: First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do. Epictetus


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