Welcome to the 8th lesson about Korean grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns. To hear the pronunciation, just click on the sound icon.
We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Korean and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Korean and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Korean.
Prepositions - Korean - Pronunciation |
---|
and κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ [keurigo] |
above -λ³΄λ€ μμ [-boda wiie] |
under μλμ [arae-ye] |
before μ μ [jeone] |
after λ€μ [dwiie] |
in front of -μ μμͺ½μ(μμ) [-ye apcho-ge(ape)] |
behind λ€μ [dwiie] |
far from -λ©λ¦¬ [-meolli] |
near μμ κ°κΉμ΄ [eseo kakka-i] |
in -μ [-e] |
inside μ [an] |
outside κ²μ [keote] |
with -μ ν¨κ» [-wah hamkke] |
without μμ΄ [eobshi] |
about -μ λν [-e dae-han] |
between μ¬μ΄μ [sa-ie] |
but κ·Έλ¬λ [keureona] |
for λ₯Ό μν΄ [reul wiihae] |
from λΆν° [bu-teo] |
to μ [e] |
The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
Prepositions + Rules - Korean + Pronunciation |
---|
I eat without a knife [preposition + noun] μ λ μμ¬ν λ λμ΄νκ° νμνμ§ μμ΅λλ€ [jeoneun shiksahal ttae na-ipeuga pilyohaji anhseumnida] |
she lives near the church [verb + preposition] κ·Έλ λ κ΅ν κ·Όμ²μ μ½λλ€ [keunyeoneun gyohweh keun-cheoe samnida] |
he is taller than her [adjective + preposition] κ·Έλ κ·Έλ λ³΄λ€ ν€κ° ν½λλ€ [keuneun geunyeoboda gi-ga keumnida] |
he came with his small dog [preposition + pronoun] κ·Έλ μμ κ°λ₯Ό λ°λ¦¬κ³ μμ΅λλ€ [keuneun cha-geun gaereul derigo wah-ssseumnida] |
can you come with me? [preposition + pronoun] μ λ ν¨κ» κ°μκ² μ΅λκΉ? [jeorang hamkke kashikessseumnikka?] |
Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
Negation + Rules - Korean + Pronunciation |
---|
I understand you [affirmative form] λΉμ μ μ΄ν΄ν©λλ€ [tangshineurihae-hamnida] |
I don't understand you [negation + verb] λΉμ μ μ΄ν΄νμ§ λͺ»ν©λλ€ [tangshineurihae-haji mothamnida] |
this is not the correct word [negation + adjective] μ΄ λ¨μ΄λ μ¬λ°λ₯Ό λ¨μ΄κ° μλλλ€ [i daneoneun olbareul daneo-ga animnida] |
don't leave me [imperative negation] λ λμ§ λ§μμ£ΌμΈμ [tteonaji marajuseyo] |
no problem [negation + noun] λ¬Έμ μμ΅λλ€ [munjeyeoptseumnida] |
Negative Sentences - Korean + Pronunciation |
---|
I don't speak French [negation + present tense] μ λ νλμ€μ΄λ₯Ό λͺ»ν©λλ€ [jeoneun peurangseu-eoreul mothamnida] |
she didn't visit Germany [negation + past tense] κ·Έλ λ λ μΌμ λ°©λ¬Ένμ§ μμμ΅λλ€ [keunyeoneun do-gi-reul bangmunhaji anhassseumnida] |
he cannot see us [negative modal verb] κ·Έκ° μ°λ¦¬λ₯Ό λ³Ό μ μμ΅λλ€ [keuga urireul bol su eoptseumnida] |
can't she play chess? [interrogative negation] κ·Έλ λ 체μ€λ₯Ό λμ§ μμ΅λκΉ? [keunyeoneun cheseureul duji anhseumnikka?] |
we will not come late [negation + future tense] μ°λ¦¬λ λ¦κ²κΉμ§ μ€μ§ μμ κ²λλ€ [urineun neujkekkaji oji anheul keomnida] |
Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:
English - Korean - Pronunciation |
---|
how? μ΄λ»κ²? [eotteohke?] |
what? 무μ? [mu-eos?] |
who? λꡬ? [nu-gu?] |
why? μ? [waeh?] |
where? μ΄λμ? [eodi-e?] |
More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:
Questions + Rules - Korean + Pronunciation |
---|
where do you live? [interrogative + verb] λΉμ μ μ΄λ μ¬μλκΉ? [tangshineun eodi- sashimnikka?] |
does she speak Chinese? [interrogative verb] κ·Έλ λ μ€κ΅μ΄λ₯Ό ν©λκΉ? [keunyeoneun junggugeoreul hamnikka?] |
how much is this? [interrogative preposition] μ΄κ²μ μΌλ§μ λκΉ? [ikeoteun eolma-imnikka?] |
can I help you? [interrogative modal verb] λμμ΄ νμνμλκΉ? [doumi pilyohashimnikka?] |
what is your name? [interrogative preposition] μ±ν¨(μ΄λ¦)μ΄ μ΄λ»κ² λμλκΉ? [seong-ham(ireum)i eotteohke dwehshimnikka?] |
It's time to learn the adverbs in Korean. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:
Adverbs - Korean - Pronunciation |
---|
now μ§κΈ [chigeum] |
yesterday μ΄μ [eoje] |
today μ€λ [oneul] |
tonight μ€λλ°€ [oneulbam] |
tomorrow λ΄μΌ [nae-il] |
soon 곧 [kod] |
quickly 빨리 [ppalli] |
slowly μ²μ²ν [cheon-cheonhi] |
together ν¨κ» [hamkke] |
very λ§€μ° [ma-eu] |
almost κ±°μ [keoyi] |
always νμ [hangsang] |
usually λ³΄ν΅ [botong] |
sometimes κ°λ [kakkeum] |
rarely λλ¬Όκ² [deumul-ke] |
never κ²°μ½ [kyeol-ko] |
The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.
Adverbs + Rules - Korean + Pronunciation |
---|
do you understand me now? [pronoun + adverb] λΉμ μ μ§κΈ μ λ§μ μ΄ν΄ν©λκΉ? [tangshineun chigeum je ma-reurihae-hamnikka?] |
I need help immediately [noun + adverb] μ λ λΉμ₯ λμμ΄ νμν©λλ€ [jeoneun dangjang doumi pilyohamnida] |
she is very intelligent [adverb + adjective] κ·Έλ λ λ§€μ° μ§μ μΈ μ¬λμ λλ€ [keunyeoneun ma-eu jijeo-gin saramimnida] |
I will always love you [verb + adverb] μ λ μΈμ κΉμ§λ λΉμ μ μ¬λν κ²μ λλ€ [jeoneun eonjekkajina tangshineul sarang-hal geo-shimnida] |
can we learn German together? [adverb in a question] λ μΌμ΄λ₯Ό ν¨κ» λ°°μΈ μ μμ΅λκΉ? [do-gi-reoreul hamkke ba-eul su issseumnikka?] |
We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Korean. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:
Personal Pronouns - Korean - Pronunciation |
---|
I λλ [naneun] |
you λλ [neoneun] |
he κ·Έλ [keuneun] |
she κ·Έλ λ [keunyeoneun] |
we μ°λ¦¬λ [urineun] |
they κ·Έλ€μ [keudeu-reun] |
Object Pronouns - Korean - Pronunciation |
---|
me λλ₯Ό [nareul] |
you λλ₯Ό [neoreul] |
him κ·Έλ₯Ό [keureul] |
her κ·Έλ λ₯Ό [keunyeoreul] |
us μ°λ¦¬λ₯Ό [urireul] |
them κ·Έλ€μ [keudeu-reul] |
Possessive Pronouns - Korean - Pronunciation |
---|
my λμ [naye] |
your λμ [neoyi] |
his κ·Έμ [keuyi] |
her κ·Έλ μ [keunyeoyi] |
our μ°λ¦¬μ [uriyi] |
their κ·Έλ€μ [keudeulyi] |
I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.
Personal Pronouns - Korean + Pronunciation |
---|
I am your friend [1st pronoun + verb] λΉμ μ μ μΉκ΅¬μ λλ€ [tangshineun je chinguimnida] |
you speak very fast [2nd pronoun + adverb] λΉμ μ λ§μ 빨리 ν©λλ€ [tangshineun ma-reul ppalli hamnida] |
he has three dogs [3rd pronoun + verb] κ·Έλ κ° μΈ λ§λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν€μλλ€ [keuneun gae se marireul gi-umnida] |
she can speak German [3rd pronoun + verb] κ·Έλ λ λ μΌμ΄λ₯Ό λͺ»ν©λλ€ [keunyeoneun do-gi-reoreul mothamnida] |
we will not come late [1st plural pronoun] μ°λ¦¬λ λ¦κ²κΉμ§ μ€μ§ μμ κ²λλ€ [urineun neujkekkaji oji anheul keomnida] |
they bought milk and bread [3rd plural pronoun] κ·Έλ€μ μ°μ μ λΉ΅μ ꡬμ νμ΅λλ€ [keudeu-reun uyuwah ppangeul kuibhaessseumnida] |
The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:
Object Pronouns - Korean + Pronunciation |
---|
can you tell me your name? [1st object pronoun] λΉμ μ μ΄λ¦μ λ§μν΄μ£Όμ€ μ μμ΅λκΉ? [tangshinye ireumeul mal-sseumhaejushil su issseumnikka?] |
I will give you money [2nd object pronoun] λΉμ μκ² λμ λλ¦¬κ² μ΅λλ€ [tangshine-ge doneul deurikessseumnida] |
she wrote him a letter [3rd object pronoun] κ·Έλ λ κ·Έμκ² νΈμ§λ₯Ό μΌμ΅λλ€ [keunyeoneun geue-ge pyeonjireul sseossseumnida] |
they visited her yesterday [3rd object pronoun] κ·Έλ€μ μ΄μ κ·Έλ λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Ένμ΅λλ€ [keudeu-reun eoje keunyeoreul bangmunhaessseumnida] |
can she help us? [1st pl. object pronoun] κ·Έλ κ° μ°λ¦¬λ₯Ό λμμ€κΉμ? [keunyeo-ga urireul dowah-jul-kkayo?] |
he gave them food [3rd pl. object pronoun] κ·Έλ κ·Έλ€μκ² μμμ μ£Όμμ΅λλ€ [keuneun geudeu-re-ge eumshikeul ju-eossseumnida] |
Possessive Pronouns - Korean + Pronunciation |
---|
my name is Maya [1st possessive pronoun] μ μ΄λ¦μ λ§μΌμ λλ€ [je ireumeun maya-imnida] |
your brother lives here [2nd possessive pronoun] λΉμ μ νμ κ° μ΄κ³³μ μ½λλ€ [tangshinye hyeongje-ga igose samnida] |
her mother cooks for us [3rd possessive pronoun] κ·Έλ μ μ΄λ¨Έλκ° μ°λ¦¬μκ² μ리λ₯Ό ν΄μ€λλ€ [keunyeoye eomeoni-ga urie-ge yorireul haejumnida] |
his hobby is reading books [3rd possessive pronoun] κ·Έμ μ·¨λ―Έλ λ μμ λλ€ [keuye chwiimineun dokseoimnida] |
our dream is to visit Paris [1st pl. possessive pronoun] μ°λ¦¬μ κΏμ ν리λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Ένλ κ²μ λλ€ [uriye kkumeun parireul bangmunhaneun geo-shimnida] |
their house is not far [3rd pl. possessive pronoun] κ·Έλ€μ μ§μ 그리 λ©μ§ μμ΅λλ€ [keudeulye jibeun geuri meol-ji anhseumnida] |
One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.
Demonstrative Pronouns - Korean - Pronunciation |
---|
this is my house μ¬κΈ°κ° μ μ§μ λλ€ [yeo-gi-ga je jibimnida] |
that restaurant is far κ·Έ μλΉμ λ©λ¦¬ μμ΅λλ€ [keu shikdangeun meolli issseumnida] |
these apples are delicious μ΄ μ¬κ³Όλ λ§μμ΅λλ€ [i sakwahneun mashissseumnida] |
those stars are shiny λ³λ€μ΄ λΉλ©λλ€ [byeoldeu-ri binnamnida] |
I hope you learned a lot about the Korean grammar in this lesson. Please check out our main menu here for more lessons: homepage. The next lesson is below, have fun!
Inspirational Quote: First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do. Epictetus |