Georgian Grammar

Welcome to the 8th lesson about Georgian grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns. To hear the pronunciation, just click on the sound icon.

We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Georgian and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Georgian and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Georgian.

PrepositionsGeorgianPronunciation
andდა[da] Audio
aboveზემოთ[zemot] Audio
underქვეშ[kvesh] Audio
before–მდე[–mde] Audio
afterშემდეგ[shemdeg] Audio
in front ofწინ[ts'in] Audio
behindუკან[uk'an] Audio
far fromშორს[shors] Audio
nearახლოს[akhlos] Audio
in–ში[–shi] Audio
insideშიგნით[shignit] Audio
outsideგარეთ[garet] Audio
withერთად[ertad] Audio
withoutგარეშე[gareshe] Audio
aboutშესახებ[shesakheb] Audio
betweenშორის[shoris] Audio
butმაგრამ[magram] Audio
forგანმავლობაში, –თვის[ganmavlobashi, –tvis] Audio
from–დან[–dan] Audio
to–სკენ, –მდე[–sk'en, –mde] Audio

Preposition Grammar Rules

The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Prepositions + RulesGeorgian + Pronunciation
I eat without a knife
[preposition + noun]
მე დანის გარეშე ვჭამ Audio
[me danis gareshe vch'am]
she lives near the church
[verb + preposition]
ის ეკლესიის ახლოს ცხოვრობს Audio
[is ek'lesiis akhlos tskhovrobs]
he is taller than her
[adjective + preposition]
ის მასზე მაღალია Audio
[is masze maghalia]
he came with his small dog
[preposition + pronoun]
ის თავის პატარა ძაღლთან ერთად მოვიდა Audio
[is movida tavis p'at'ara dzaghltan ertad]
can you come with me?
[preposition + pronoun]
შეგიძლიათ ჩემთან ერთად წამოხვიდეთ? Audio
[shegidzliat chemtan ertad ts'amokhvidet?]

Negation in Georgian

Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Negation + RulesGeorgian + Pronunciation
I understand you
[affirmative form]
მე მესმის თქვენი Audio
[me mesmis tkveni]
I don't understand you
[negation + verb]
არ მესმის თქვენი Audio
[ar mesmis tkveni]
this is not the correct word
[negation + adjective]
ეს არ არის სწორი სიტყვა Audio
[es ar aris sts'ori sit'qva]
don't leave me
[imperative negation]
არ დამტოვოთ Audio
[ar damt'ovot]
no problem
[negation + noun]
პრობლემა არ არის Audio
[p'roblema ar aris]

Negative SentencesGeorgian + Pronunciation
I don't speak French
[negation + present tense]
მე არ ვიცი ფრანგული Audio
[me ar vitsi pranguli]
she didn't visit Germany
[negation + past tense]
ის არ წვევია გერმანიას Audio
[is ar ts'vevia germanias]
he cannot see us
[negative modal verb]
ის ჩვენ ვერ გვხედავს Audio
[is chven ver gvkhedavs]
can't she play chess?
[interrogative negation]
მან არ იცის ჭადრაკის თამაში? Audio
[man ar itsis ch'adrak'is tamashi?]
we will not come late
[negation + future tense]
არ დავაგვიანებთ Audio
[ar davagvianebt]

Questions in Georgian

Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:

EnglishGeorgianPronunciation
how?როგორ?[rogor?] Audio
what?რა?[ra?] Audio
who?ვინ?[vin?] Audio
why?რატომ?[rat'om?] Audio
where?სად?[sad?] Audio

More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:

Questions + RulesGeorgian + Pronunciation
where do you live?
[interrogative + verb]
სად ცხოვრობ? Audio
[sad tskhovrob?]
does she speak Chinese?
[interrogative verb]
საუბრობს ის ჩინურად? Audio
[saubrobs is chinurad?]
how much is this?
[interrogative preposition]
რა ღირს ეს? Audio
[ra ghirs es?]
can I help you?
[interrogative modal verb]
შემიძლია დაგეხმაროთ? Or დახმარება ხომ არ გინდა? Audio
[shemidzlia dagekhmarot? Dakxmareba xom ar ginda?]
what is your name?
[interrogative preposition]
რა გქვია? Audio
[ra gkvia?]

Adverbs in Georgian

It's time to learn the adverbs in Georgian. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:

AdverbsGeorgianPronunciation
nowახლა[akhla] Audio
yesterdayგუშინ[gushin] Audio
todayდღეს[dghes] Audio
tonightამაღამ[amagham] Audio
tomorrowხვალ[khval] Audio
soonმალე[male] Audio
quicklyსწრაფად[sts'rapad] Audio
slowlyნელა[nela] Audio
togetherერთად[ertad] Audio
veryძალიან[dzalian] Audio
almostთითქმის[titkmis] Audio
alwaysყოველთვის[qoveltvis] Audio
usuallyჩვეულებრივ[chveulebriv] Audio
sometimesზოგჯერ[zogjer] Audio
rarelyიშვიათად[ishviatad] Audio
neverარასოდეს[arasodes] Audio

The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.

Adverbs + RulesGeorgian + Pronunciation
do you understand me now?
[pronoun + adverb]
ახლა გესმით ჩემი? Audio
[akhla gesmit chemi?]
I need help immediately
[noun + adverb]
მე დაუყოვნებლივ მესაჭიროება დახმარება Audio
[me dauqovnebliv mesach'iroeba dakhmareba]
she is very intelligent
[adverb + adjective]
იგი ძალიან ჭკვიანია Audio
[igi dzalian ch'k'viania]
I will always love you
[verb + adverb]
მე ყოველთვის მეყვარები Audio
[me qoveltvis meqvarebi]
can we learn German together?
[adverb in a question]
შეიძლება ერთად ვისწავლოთ გერმანული? Audio
[sheidzleba ertad vists'avlot germanuli?]

Pronouns in Georgian

We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Georgian. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Personal PronounsGeorgianPronunciation
Iმე[me] Audio
youშენ (singular), თქვენ (plural)[shen (singular), tkven (plural)] Audio
heის[is] Audio
sheის[is] Audio
weჩვენ[chven] Audio
theyისინი[isini] Audio

Object PronounsGeorgianPronunciation
meმე[me] Audio
youშენ singular, თქვენ plural[shen singular, tkven plural] Audio
himმას [mas ] Audio
herმას[mas] Audio
usჩვენ[chven] Audio
themმათ[mat] Audio

Possessive PronounsGeorgianPronunciation
myჩემი[chemi] Audio
yourშენი singular, თქვენი plural[sheni singular, tkveni plural] Audio
hisმისი[misi] Audio
herმისი[misi] Audio
ourჩვენი[chveni] Audio
theirმათი[mati] Audio

I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.

Personal PronounsGeorgian + Pronunciation
I am your friend
[1st pronoun + verb]
მე თქვენი მეგობარი ვარ Audio
[me tkveni megobari var ]
you speak very fast
[2nd pronoun + adverb]
თქვენ ძალიან სწრაფად საუბრობთ Audio
[tkven dzalian sts'rapad saubrobt]
he has three dogs
[3rd pronoun + verb]
მას სამი ძაღლი ჰყავს Audio
[mas sami dzaghli hqavs]
she can speak German
[3rd pronoun + verb]
მას შეუძლია ისაუბროს გერმანულად Audio
[mas sheudzlia isaubros germanulad]
we will not come late
[1st plural pronoun]
არ დავაგვიანებთ Audio
[ar davagvianebt]
they bought milk and bread
[3rd plural pronoun]
მათ იყიდეს რძე და პური Audio
[mat iqides rdze da p'uri]

The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:

Object PronounsGeorgian + Pronunciation
can you tell me your name?
[1st object pronoun]
შეგიძლიათ მითხრათ თქვენი სახელი? Audio
[shegidzliat mitkhrat tkveni sakheli?]
I will give you money
[2nd object pronoun]
მე მოგცემთ ფულს Audio
[me mogtsemt puls]
she wrote him a letter
[3rd object pronoun]
მან წერილი მისწერა მას Audio
[man ts'erili mists'era mas]
they visited her yesterday
[3rd object pronoun]
მათ მოინახულეს ის გუშინ Audio
[mat moinakhules is gushin]
can she help us?
[1st pl. object pronoun]
ის დაგვეხმარება? Audio
[is dagvekhmareba?]
he gave them food
[3rd pl. object pronoun]
მან საკვები მისცა მათ Audio
[man sak'vebi mistsa mat]

Possessive PronounsGeorgian + Pronunciation
my name is Maya
[1st possessive pronoun]
ჩემი სახელია მაია Audio
[chemi sakhelia maia]
your brother lives here
[2nd possessive pronoun]
შენი ძმა ცხოვრობს აქ Audio
[sheni dzma tskhovrobs ak]
her mother cooks for us
[3rd possessive pronoun]
დედამისი ჩვენთვის ამზადებს Audio
[dedamisi chventvis amzadebs ]
his hobby is reading books
[3rd possessive pronoun]
მისი გატაცება არის წიგნების კითხვა Audio
[misi gat'atseba aris ts'ignebis k'itkhva]
our dream is to visit Paris
[1st pl. possessive pronoun]
ჩვენი ოცნებაა ვეწვიოთ პარიზს Audio
[chveni otsnebaa vets'viot p'arizs]
their house is not far
[3rd pl. possessive pronoun]
მათი სახლი არ არის შორს Audio
[mati sakhli ar aris shors]

One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.

Demonstrative PronounsGeorgianPronunciation
this is my houseეს არის ჩემი სახლი[es aris chemi sakhli] Audio
that restaurant is farის რესტორანი შორსაა[is rest'orani shorsaa] Audio
these apples are deliciousეს ვაშლი არის გემრიელი[es vashli aris gemrieli] Audio
those stars are shinyის ვარსკვლავები ანათებს[is varsk'vlavebi anatebs] Audio

I hope you learned a lot about the Georgian grammar in this lesson. If you have any question about this lesson please contact me here. The next lesson is below, have fun!

Georgian Phrases       Georgian Phrases

Georgian Vocabulary       Georgian Vocabulary


Inspirational Quote: First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do. Epictetus

Share