Uyghur Grammar

Welcome to the 8th lesson about Uyghur grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns. To hear the pronunciation, just click on the sound icon.

We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Uyghur and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Uyghur and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Uyghur.

Prepositions	Uyghur	Pronunciation
and	ۋە	[we]
above	يۇقۇردا	[yuqurda]
under	ئاستىدا	[astida]
before	بۇرۇن	[burun]
after	كېيىن	[këyin]
in front of	…نىڭ ئالدىدا	[…ning aldida]
behind	ئارقىسىدا	[arqisida]
far from	…دىن ئۇزاق	[…din uzaq]
near	يېقىن	[yëqin]
in	دا\تە	[da/te]
inside	ئىچىدە	[ichide]
outside	تېشىدا	[tëshida]
with	لىق\لىك ،بىلەن	[…/liq/lik ,bilen]
without	…سىز،ئالماي	[…siz,almay]
about	ئالاقىدار	[alaqidar]
between	ئارىسىدا	[arisida]
but	ئەمما	[emma]
for	ئۈچۈن	[üchün]
from	دىن\تىن	[...din/tin]
to	غا\قا\گە\كە	[…gha/qa/ge/ke]

Preposition Grammar Rules

The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Prepositions + Rules	Uyghur + Pronunciation
I eat without a knife [preposition + noun]	مەن پىچاق ئىشلەتمەي يەيمەن [men pichaq ishletmey yeymen]
she lives near the church [verb + preposition]	ئۇ چىركاۋنىڭ يېنىدا ياشايادۇ(تۇرىدۇ) [u chirkwaning yënida yashayadu(turidu)]
he is taller than her [adjective + preposition]	ئۇ ئۇنىڭدىن ئىگىز [u uningdin igiz]
he came with his small dog [preposition + pronoun]	ئۇ كىچىك ئىتى بىلەن كەلدى [u kichik iti bilen keldi]
can you come with me? [preposition + pronoun]	مەن بىلەن كېلەمسىز؟ [men bilen këlemsiz?]

Negation in Uyghur

Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Negation + Rules	Uyghur + Pronunciation
I understand you [affirmative form]	مەن سىنى چۈشىنىمەن [men sini chüshinimen]
I don't understand you [negation + verb]	مەن چۈشەنمىدىم [men chüshenmidim]
this is not the correct word [negation + adjective]	بۇ توغرا سۆز ئەمەس [bu toghra söz emes]
don't leave me [imperative negation]	مەندىن ئايرىلماڭ [mendin ayrilmang]
no problem [negation + noun]	چاتاق يوق [chataq yoq]

Negative Sentences	Uyghur + Pronunciation
I don't speak French [negation + present tense]	مەن فرانسۇزچە سۆزلىيەلمەيمەن [men Fransuzche sözliyelmeymen]
she didn't visit Germany [negation + past tense]	ئۇ گېرمانىيەنى زىيارەت قىلمىدى [u Gërmaniyeni ziyaret qilmidi]
he cannot see us [negative modal verb]	ئۇ بىزنى كۆرەلمەيدۇ [u bizni körelmeydu]
can't she play chess? [interrogative negation]	ئۇ شاھمات ئوينىيالمامدۇ؟ [u shahmat oyniyalmamdu?]
we will not come late [negation + future tense]	بىز كېچىكىپ كەلمەيمىز [biz këchikip kelmeymiz]

Questions in Uyghur

Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:

English	Uyghur	Pronunciation
how?	قانداق؟	[qandaq?]
what?	نېمە؟	[nëme?]
who?	كىم؟	[kim?]
why?	نېمە ئۈچۈن؟	[nëme üchün?]
where?	نەدە؟	[nede?]

More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:

Questions + Rules	Uyghur + Pronunciation
where do you live? [interrogative + verb]	نەدە ياشايسىز؟ [nede yashaysiz?]
does she speak Chinese? [interrogative verb]	ئۇ خەنزۇچە سۆزلىيەلەمدۇ؟ [u Xenzuche sözliyelemdu?]
how much is this? [interrogative preposition]	بۇ نەچچە پۇل؟ [bu nechche pul?]
can I help you? [interrogative modal verb]	ياردەملىشەيمۇ؟ [yardemlisheymu?]
what is your name? [interrogative preposition]	ئىسمىڭىز نېمە؟ [ismingiz nëme?]

Adverbs in Uyghur

It's time to learn the adverbs in Uyghur. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Adverbs	Uyghur	Pronunciation
now	ھازىر	[hazir]
yesterday	تۈنۈگۈن	[tünügün]
today	بۈگۈن	[bügün]
tonight	كەچتە	[kechte]
tomorrow	ئەتە	[ete]
soon	پات يېقىندا	[pat yëqinda]
quickly	تېز	[tëz]
slowly	ئاستا	[asta]
together	بىرلىكتە	[birlikte]
very	بەك،ئىنتايىن	[bek,intayin]
almost	دېگۈدەك	[dëgüdek]
always	ھەر دائىم	[her daim]
usually	ئادەتتە	[adette]
sometimes	بەزىدە	[bezide]
rarely	كەمدىن كەم،ئاندا ساندا	[kemdin kem,anda sanda]
never	ئەسلا	[esla]

The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.

Adverbs + Rules	Uyghur + Pronunciation
do you understand me now? [pronoun + adverb]	ئەمدى (سۆزۈمنى) چۈشەندىڭىزمۇ؟ [emdi (sözümni) chüshendingizmu?]
I need help immediately [noun + adverb]	ماڭا دەرھال ياردەم كېرەك [manga derhal yardem kërek]
she is very intelligent [adverb + adjective]	ئۇ ئىنتايىن ئەقىللىق [u intayin eqilliq]
I will always love you [verb + adverb]	سىزنى ھەر دائىم سۆيىمەن [sizni her daim söyimen]
can we learn German together? [adverb in a question]	بىز نېمىسچىنى بىللە ئۆگەنسەك بولامدۇ؟ [biz Nëmischini bille ögensek bolamdu?]

Pronouns in Uyghur

We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Uyghur. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Personal Pronouns	Uyghur	Pronunciation
I	مەن	[men]
you	سىز،سەن	[siz,sen]
he	ئۇ	[u]
she	ئۇ	[u]
we	بىز	[biz]
they	ئۇلار	[ular]

Object Pronouns	Uyghur	Pronunciation
me	ماڭا،مېنى،مەندىن	[manga,mëni,mendin]
you	سىزگە،سىزنى،سىزدىن	[sizge,sizni,sizdin]
him	ئۇنىڭغا،ئۇنى،ئۇنىڭدىن	[uninggha,uni,uningdin]
her	ئۇنىڭغا،ئۇنى،ئۇنىڭدىن	[uninggha,uni,uningdin]
us	بىزگە،بىزنى،بىزدىن	[bizge,bizni,bizdin]
them	ئۇلارغا،ئۇلارنى،ئۇلاردىن	[ulargha,ularni,ulardin]

Possessive Pronouns	Uyghur	Pronunciation
my	مېنىڭ	[mëning]
your	سىزنىڭ	[sizning]
his	ئۇنىڭ	[uning]
her	ئۇنىڭ	[uning]
our	بىزنىڭ	[bizning]
their	ئۇلارنىڭ	[ularning]

I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.

Personal Pronouns	Uyghur + Pronunciation
I am your friend [1st pronoun + verb]	مەن دوستىڭىز [men dostingiz]
you speak very fast [2nd pronoun + adverb]	سىز بەك تېز سۆزلەيسىز [siz bek tëz sözleysiz]
he has three dogs [3rd pronoun + verb]	ئۇنىڭ ئۈچ ئىتى بار [uning üch iti bar]
she can speak German [3rd pronoun + verb]	ئۇ نېمىسچە سۆزلىيەلەيدۇ [u Nëmische sözliyeleydu]
we will not come late [1st plural pronoun]	بىز كېچىكىپ كەلمەيمىز [biz këchikip kelmeymiz]
they bought milk and bread [3rd plural pronoun]	ئۇلار سۈت ۋە بولكا سېتىۋالدى [ular süt we bolka sëtiwaldi]

The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:

Object Pronouns	Uyghur + Pronunciation
can you tell me your name? [1st object pronoun]	ئىسمىڭىزنى ئېيتىپ بېرەمسىز؟ [ismingizni ëytip bëremsiz?]
I will give you money [2nd object pronoun]	سىزگە پۇل بېرىمەن [sizge pul bërimen]
she wrote him a letter [3rd object pronoun]	ئۇ ئۇنىڭغا بىر پارچە خەت يازدى [u uninggha bir parche xet yazdi]
they visited her yesterday [3rd object pronoun]	ئۇلار تۈنۈگۈن ئۇنى زىيارەت قىلدى [ular tünügün uni ziyaret qildi]
can she help us? [1st pl. object pronoun]	ئۇ بىزگە ياردەم قىلالامدۇ؟ [u bizge yardem qilalamdu?]
he gave them food [3rd pl. object pronoun]	ئۇ ئۇلارغا يېمەكلىك بەردى [u ulargha yëmeklik berdi]

Possessive Pronouns	Uyghur + Pronunciation
my name is Maya [1st possessive pronoun]	ئىسمىم مايا [ismim Maya]
your brother lives here [2nd possessive pronoun]	قېرىندىشىڭىز بۇيەردە ياشايدۇ [qërindishingiz buyerde yashaydu]
her mother cooks for us [3rd possessive pronoun]	ئۇنىڭ ئانىسى بىزگە تاماق ئېتپبەردى [uning anisi bizge tamaq ëtpberdi]
his hobby is reading books [3rd possessive pronoun]	ئۇنىڭ قىزىقىشى كىتاپ ئوقۇش [uning qiziqishi kitap oqush]
our dream is to visit Paris [1st pl. possessive pronoun]	بىزنىڭ ئارزۇيىمىز پارىژنى ساياھەت قىلىش [bizning arzuyimiz Parizhni sayahet qilish]
their house is not far [3rd pl. possessive pronoun]	ئۇلارنىڭ ئۆيى يېراق ئەمەس [ularning öyi yëraq emes]

One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.

Demonstrative Pronouns	Uyghur	Pronunciation
this is my house	بۇ مېنىڭ ئۆيۈم	[bu mëning öyüm]
that restaurant is far	ئۇ تاماقخانا يېراق	[u tamaqxana yëraq]
these apples are delicious	بۇ ئالمىلار تەملىك	[bu almilar temlik]
those stars are shiny	ئۇ يۇلتۇزلار نۇرلۇق	[u yultuzlar nurluq]

I hope you learned a lot about the Uyghur grammar in this lesson. If you have any question about this lesson please contact me here. The next lesson is below, have fun!

Uyghur Phrases

Uyghur Vocabulary

Inspirational Quote: First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do. Epictetus