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Portuguese Grammar

Welcome to the 8th lesson about Portuguese grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns.

We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Portuguese and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Portuguese and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Portuguese.

Prepositions - Portuguese
and e Audio
above acima Audio
under abaixo Audio
before antes Audio
after depois Audio
in front of em frente de Audio
behind atrás Audio
far from distante, longe de Audio
near perto Audio
in em Audio
inside dentro de Audio
outside fora de Audio
with com Audio
without sem Audio
about sobre Audio
between entre Audio
but mas Audio
for para Audio
from de Audio
to para Audio

Preposition Grammar Rules

The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Prepositions + Rules - Portuguese
I eat without a knife
[preposition + noun] eu como sem faca Audio
she lives near the church
[verb + preposition] ela mora perto da igreja Audio
he is taller than her
[adjective + preposition] ele é mais alto do que ela Audio
he came with his small dog
[preposition + pronoun] ele veio com o seu cão pequeno Audio
can you come with me?
[preposition + pronoun] pode vir comigo?podes vir comigo? Audio

Negation in Portuguese

Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Negation + Rules - Portuguese
I understand you
[affirmative form] eu compreendo-o/eu compreendo-te Audio
I don't understand you
[negation + verb] eu não o compreendo/eu não te compreendo Audio
this is not the correct word
[negation + adjective] esta não é a palavra correta Audio
don't leave me
[imperative negation] não me deixe/não me deixes Audio
no problem
[negation + noun] sem problema Audio

Negative Sentences - Portuguese
I don't speak French
[negation + present tense] eu não falo francês Audio
she didn't visit Germany
[negation + past tense] ela não visitou a alemanha Audio
he cannot see us
[negative modal verb] ele não pode nos ver Audio
can't she play chess?
[interrogative negation] ela não pode jogar xadrez? Audio
we will not come late
[negation + future tense] nós não vamos chegar tarde Audio

Questions in Portuguese

Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:

English - Portuguese
how? como? Audio
what? o que? Audio
who? quem? Audio
why? porquê? Audio
where? onde? Audio

More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:

Questions + Rules - Portuguese
where do you live?
[interrogative + verb] onde mora?/onde moras? Audio
does she speak Chinese?
[interrogative verb] ela fala chinês? Audio
how much is this?
[interrogative preposition] quanto é isso? Audio
can I help you?
[interrogative modal verb] posso ajudá-lo?posso ajudar-te? Audio
what is your name?
[interrogative preposition] qual é o seu nome?qual é o teu nome? Audio

Adverbs in Portuguese

It's time to learn the adverbs in Portuguese. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Adverbs - Portuguese
now agora Audio
yesterday ontem Audio
today hoje Audio
tonight hoje à noite Audio
tomorrow amanhã Audio
soon em breve Audio
quickly rapidamente Audio
slowly lentamente Audio
together juntos Audio
very muito Audio
almost quase Audio
always sempre Audio
usually geralmente Audio
sometimes às vezes Audio
rarely raramente Audio
never nunca Audio

The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.

Adverbs + Rules - Portuguese
do you understand me now?
[pronoun + adverb] entende-me agora?entendes-me agora? Audio
I need help immediately
[noun + adverb] preciso de ajuda imediatamente Audio
she is very intelligent
[adverb + adjective] ela é muito inteligente Audio
I will always love you
[verb + adverb] vou amar-te sempre Audio
can we learn German together?
[adverb in a question] podemos aprender alemão juntos? Audio

Pronouns in Portuguese

We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Portuguese. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Personal Pronouns - Portuguese
I eu Audio
you tu Audio
he ele Audio
she ela Audio
we nós Audio
they eles, elas Audio

Object Pronouns - Portuguese
me me Audio
you te/vós Audio
him o; lhe Audio
her a; lhe Audio
us nós Audio
them os/as; lhes Audio

Possessive Pronouns - Portuguese
my meu Audio
your teu/seu Audio
his seu (dele) Audio
her sua (dela) Audio
our nosso Audio
their seus, suas Audio

I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.

Personal Pronouns - Portuguese
I am your friend
[1st pronoun + verb] eu sou seu amigo/eu sou teu amigo Audio
you speak very fast
[2nd pronoun + adverb] fala muito rápido/falas muito rapido Audio
he has three dogs
[3rd pronoun + verb] ele tem três cães Audio
she can speak German
[3rd pronoun + verb] ela fala alemão Audio
we will not come late
[1st plural pronoun] nós não vamos chegar tarde Audio
they bought milk and bread
[3rd plural pronoun] eles compraram leite e pão Audio

The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:

Object Pronouns - Portuguese
can you tell me your name?
[1st object pronoun] pode dizer- me o nome?podes dizer-me o teu nome? Audio
I will give you money
[2nd object pronoun] vou dar-lhe dinheiro/vou dar-te dinheiro Audio
she wrote him a letter
[3rd object pronoun] ela escreveu-lhe uma carta Audio
they visited her yesterday
[3rd object pronoun] eles visitaram-na ontem Audio
can she help us?
[1st pl. object pronoun] ela pode nos ajudar? Audio
he gave them food
[3rd pl. object pronoun] ele deu-lhes comida Audio

Possessive Pronouns - Portuguese
my name is Maya
[1st possessive pronoun] o meu nome é maya Audio
your brother lives here
[2nd possessive pronoun] o seu irmão mora aqui/o teu irmão mora aqui Audio
her mother cooks for us
[3rd possessive pronoun] a sua mãe cozinha para nós Audio
his hobby is reading books
[3rd possessive pronoun] o seu hobby é a leitura de livros Audio
our dream is to visit Paris
[1st pl. possessive pronoun] o nosso sonho é visitar paris Audio
their house is not far
[3rd pl. possessive pronoun] a casa deles não é longe Audio

One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.

Demonstrative Pronouns - Portuguese
this is my house esta é minha casa Audio
that restaurant is far aquele restaurante é longe Audio
these apples are delicious estas maçãs são deliciosas Audio
those stars are shiny aquelas estrelas são brilhantes Audio

I hope you learned a lot about the Portuguese grammar in this lesson. Please check out our main menu here for more lessons: homepage. The next lesson is below, have fun!


Inspirational Quote: First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do. Epictetus


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