Azerbaijani Grammar

Welcome to the 8th lesson about Azerbaijani grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns.

We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Azerbaijani and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Azerbaijani and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Azerbaijani.

Prepositions - Azerbaijani
and və
above yuxarıda
under altında
before əvvəl
after sonra
in front of qarşısında
behind arxasında
far from #NAME?
near yaxın, yaxınlığında
in içərisində (or) -da; -də
inside daxilində
outside bayırda, çölündə, xaricində
with ilə
without sız, -siz, -suz, süz
about haqqında
between arasında
but lakin
for üçün
from -dan; -dən
to doğru; -a, -ə

Preposition Grammar Rules

The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Prepositions + Rules - Azerbaijani
I eat without a knife [preposition + noun] bıçaqsız yeyirəm
she lives near the church [verb + preposition] o(qadın cinsi), kilsənin yaxınlığında yaşayır
he is taller than her [adjective + preposition] o(kişi cinsi) ondan (qadın cinsi) hündürdür.
he came with his small dog [preposition + pronoun] o (kişi cinsi) balaca itlə gəlib
can you come with me? [preposition + pronoun] mənimlə gələ bilərsən?

Negation in Azerbaijani

Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.

Negation + Rules - Azerbaijani
I understand you [affirmative form] mən sizi başa düşürəm
I don't understand you [negation + verb] mən sizi başa düşmürəm
this is not the correct word [negation + adjective] bu doğru söz deyil
don't leave me [imperative negation] məni tərk etmə
no problem [negation + noun] problem yoxdur

Negative Sentences - Azerbaijani
I don't speak French [negation + present tense] mən fransız dilində danışa bilmirəm
she didn't visit Germany [negation + past tense] o(qadın cinsi), almaniyaya getməyib
he cannot see us [negative modal verb] o(kişi cinsi) bizi görə bilmir
can't she play chess? [interrogative negation] o(qadın cinsi), şahmat oynaya bilmir?
we will not come late [negation + future tense] biz gec gəlməyəcəyik

Questions in Azerbaijani

Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:

English - Azerbaijani
how? necə?
what? nə?
who? kim?
why? niyə?
where? harada?

More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:

Questions + Rules - Azerbaijani
where do you live? [interrogative + verb] sən harada yaşayırsan?
does she speak Chinese? [interrogative verb] o(qadın cinsi), çin dilində danışa bilir?
how much is this? [interrogative preposition] bu neçəyədir?
can I help you? [interrogative modal verb] mən sizə kömək edə bilərəm?
what is your name? [interrogative preposition] adınız nədir?

Adverbs in Azerbaijani

It's time to learn the adverbs in Azerbaijani. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Adverbs - Azerbaijani
now indi
yesterday dünən
today bugün
tonight bu axşam
tomorrow sabah
soon tezliklə
quickly cəld
slowly yavaş-yavaş
together birlikdə
very çox
almost az qala, demək olar ki
always həmişə
usually adətən
sometimes bəzən
rarely nadir hallarda
never heç zaman

The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.

Adverbs + Rules - Azerbaijani
do you understand me now? [pronoun + adverb] İndi məni başa düşürsən?
I need help immediately [noun + adverb] mənim təcili köməyə ehtiyacım var
she is very intelligent [adverb + adjective] o(qadın cinsi) çox ağıllıdır
I will always love you [verb + adverb] mən həmişə səni sevəcəm
can we learn German together? [adverb in a question] birlikdə alman dilini öyrənə bilərik?

Pronouns in Azerbaijani

We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Azerbaijani. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:

Personal Pronouns - Azerbaijani
I mən
you sən
he o (kişi cinsi)
she o (qadın cinsi)
we biz
they onlar

Object Pronouns - Azerbaijani
me məni; mənə
you sizi; sizə; səni; sənə
him onu; ona (kişi cinsi)
her onu; ona (qadın cinsi)
us bizi; bizə
them onları; onlara

Possessive Pronouns - Azerbaijani
my mənim
your sənin
his onun (kişi cinsi)
her onun (qadın cinsi)
our bizim
their onların

I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.

Personal Pronouns - Azerbaijani
I am your friend [1st pronoun + verb] mən sizin dostunuzam
you speak very fast [2nd pronoun + adverb] çox sürətli danışırsınız
he has three dogs [3rd pronoun + verb] onun (kişi cinsi) üç iti var
she can speak German [3rd pronoun + verb] o (qadın cinsi) alman dilində danışa bilir
we will not come late [1st plural pronoun] biz gec gəlməyəcəyik
they bought milk and bread [3rd plural pronoun] onlar süd və çörək aldılar

The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:

Object Pronouns - Azerbaijani
can you tell me your name? [1st object pronoun] mənə adınızı deyə bilərsiniz?
I will give you money [2nd object pronoun] mən sizə pul verəcəm
she wrote him a letter [3rd object pronoun] o(qadın cinsi) ona (kişi cinsi) məktub yazıb
they visited her yesterday [3rd object pronoun] onlar dünən ona baş çəkdilər
can she help us? [1st pl. object pronoun] o (qadın cinsi) bizə kömək edə bilər?
he gave them food [3rd pl. object pronoun] o (kişi cinsi) onlara ərzaq verdi

Possessive Pronouns - Azerbaijani
my name is Maya [1st possessive pronoun] mənim adım mayadır
your brother lives here [2nd possessive pronoun] sizin qardaşınız burada yaşayır
her mother cooks for us [3rd possessive pronoun] onun(qadın cinsi) anası bizə yemək bişirir
his hobby is reading books [3rd possessive pronoun] onun (kişi cinsi) hobbisi kitab oxumaqdır
our dream is to visit Paris [1st pl. possessive pronoun] bizim arzumiz parisə getməkdir
their house is not far [3rd pl. possessive pronoun] onların evi uzaqda deyil

One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.

Demonstrative Pronouns - Azerbaijani
this is my house bu mənim evimdir
that restaurant is far o restoran uzaqdadır
these apples are delicious bu almalar dadlıdır
those stars are shiny o ulduzlar parlaqdır

I hope you learned a lot about the Azerbaijani grammar in this lesson. Please check out our main menu here for more lessons: homepage. The next lesson is below, have fun!