Azerbaijani Grammar
Welcome to the 8th lesson about Azerbaijani grammar. We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns.
We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link words to other words. For example: I speak Azerbaijani and English the preposition is [and] because it connects both words Azerbaijani and English. The following is a list of the most used prepositions in Azerbaijani.
| Prepositions | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| and | və  |
| above | yuxarıda |
| under | altında |
| before | əvvəl |
| after | sonra |
| in front of | qarşısında |
| behind | arxasında |
| far from | #NAME? |
| near | yaxın, yaxınlığında |
| in | içərisində (or) -da; -də |
| inside | daxilində |
| outside | bayırda, çölündə, xaricində |
| with | ilə |
| without | sız, -siz, -suz, süz |
| about | haqqında |
| between | arasında |
| but | lakin |
| for | üçün |
| from | -dan; -dən |
| to | doğru; -a, -ə |
Preposition Grammar Rules
The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
| Prepositions + Rules | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| I eat without a knife [preposition + noun] | bıçaqsız yeyirəm |
| she lives near the church [verb + preposition] | o(qadın cinsi), kilsənin yaxınlığında yaşayır |
| he is taller than her [adjective + preposition] | o(kişi cinsi) ondan (qadın cinsi) hündürdür. |
| he came with his small dog [preposition + pronoun] | o (kişi cinsi) balaca itlə gəlib |
| can you come with me? [preposition + pronoun] | mənimlə gələ bilərsən? |
Negation in Azerbaijani
Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
| Negation + Rules | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| I understand you [affirmative form] | mən sizi başa düşürəm |
| I don't understand you [negation + verb] | mən sizi başa düşmürəm |
| this is not the correct word [negation + adjective] | bu doğru söz deyil |
| don't leave me [imperative negation] | məni tərk etmə |
| no problem [negation + noun] | problem yoxdur |
| Negative Sentences | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| I don't speak French [negation + present tense] | mən fransız dilində danışa bilmirəm |
| she didn't visit Germany [negation + past tense] | o(qadın cinsi), almaniyaya getməyib |
| he cannot see us [negative modal verb] | o(kişi cinsi) bizi görə bilmir |
| can't she play chess? [interrogative negation] | o(qadın cinsi), şahmat oynaya bilmir? |
| we will not come late [negation + future tense] | biz gec gəlməyəcəyik |
Questions in Azerbaijani
Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here are some common examples:
| English | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| how? | necə? |
| what? | nə? |
| who? | kim? |
| why? | niyə? |
| where? | harada? |
More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:
| Questions + Rules | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| where do you live? [interrogative + verb] | sən harada yaşayırsan? |
| does she speak Chinese? [interrogative verb] | o(qadın cinsi), çin dilində danışa bilir? |
| how much is this? [interrogative preposition] | bu neçəyədir? |
| can I help you? [interrogative modal verb] | mən sizə kömək edə bilərəm? |
| what is your name? [interrogative preposition] | adınız nədir? |
Adverbs in Azerbaijani
It's time to learn the adverbs in Azerbaijani. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones:
| Adverbs | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| now | indi |
| yesterday | dünən |
| today | bugün |
| tonight | bu axşam |
| tomorrow | sabah |
| soon | tezliklə |
| quickly | cəld |
| slowly | yavaş-yavaş |
| together | birlikdə |
| very | çox |
| almost | az qala, demək olar ki |
| always | həmişə |
| usually | adətən |
| sometimes | bəzən |
| rarely | nadir hallarda |
| never | heç zaman |
The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.
| Adverbs + Rules | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| do you understand me now? [pronoun + adverb] | İndi məni başa düşürsən? |
| I need help immediately [noun + adverb] | mənim təcili köməyə ehtiyacım var |
| she is very intelligent [adverb + adjective] | o(qadın cinsi) çox ağıllıdır |
| I will always love you [verb + adverb] | mən həmişə səni sevəcəm |
| can we learn German together? [adverb in a question] | birlikdə alman dilini öyrənə bilərik? |
Pronouns in Azerbaijani
We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Azerbaijani. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common ones:
| Personal Pronouns | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| I | mən |
| you | sən |
| he | o (kişi cinsi) |
| she | o (qadın cinsi) |
| we | biz |
| they | onlar |
| Object Pronouns | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| me | məni; mənə |
| you | sizi; sizə; səni; sənə |
| him | onu; ona (kişi cinsi) |
| her | onu; ona (qadın cinsi) |
| us | bizi; bizə |
| them | onları; onlara |
| Possessive Pronouns | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| my | mənim |
| your | sənin |
| his | onun (kişi cinsi) |
| her | onun (qadın cinsi) |
| our | bizim |
| their | onların |
I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.
| Personal Pronouns | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| I am your friend [1st pronoun + verb] | mən sizin dostunuzam |
| you speak very fast [2nd pronoun + adverb] | çox sürətli danışırsınız |
| he has three dogs [3rd pronoun + verb] | onun (kişi cinsi) üç iti var |
| she can speak German [3rd pronoun + verb] | o (qadın cinsi) alman dilində danışa bilir |
| we will not come late [1st plural pronoun] | biz gec gəlməyəcəyik |
| they bought milk and bread [3rd plural pronoun] | onlar süd və çörək aldılar |
The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:
| Object Pronouns | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| can you tell me your name? [1st object pronoun] | mənə adınızı deyə bilərsiniz? |
| I will give you money [2nd object pronoun] | mən sizə pul verəcəm |
| she wrote him a letter [3rd object pronoun] | o(qadın cinsi) ona (kişi cinsi) məktub yazıb |
| they visited her yesterday [3rd object pronoun] | onlar dünən ona baş çəkdilər |
| can she help us? [1st pl. object pronoun] | o (qadın cinsi) bizə kömək edə bilər? |
| he gave them food [3rd pl. object pronoun] | o (kişi cinsi) onlara ərzaq verdi |
| Possessive Pronouns | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| my name is Maya [1st possessive pronoun] | mənim adım mayadır |
| your brother lives here [2nd possessive pronoun] | sizin qardaşınız burada yaşayır |
| her mother cooks for us [3rd possessive pronoun] | onun(qadın cinsi) anası bizə yemək bişirir |
| his hobby is reading books [3rd possessive pronoun] | onun (kişi cinsi) hobbisi kitab oxumaqdır |
| our dream is to visit Paris [1st pl. possessive pronoun] | bizim arzumiz parisə getməkdir |
| their house is not far [3rd pl. possessive pronoun] | onların evi uzaqda deyil |
One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.
| Demonstrative Pronouns | Azerbaijani |
|---|---|
| this is my house | bu mənim evimdir |
| that restaurant is far | o restoran uzaqdadır |
| these apples are delicious | bu almalar dadlıdır |
| those stars are shiny | o ulduzlar parlaqdır |
I hope you learned a lot about the Azerbaijani grammar in this lesson. If you have any question about this lesson please contact me here. The next lesson is below, have fun!
| Azerbaijani Vocabulary |
Inspirational Quote: First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do. Epictetus |